401(k) Rollover | Fee-Only Fiduciary
401(k) Rollover Financial Advisor
Fee-only fiduciary financial planning for deciding what to do with an old 401(k), including whether to leave it where it is, move it to a new employer plan, roll it into an IRA, or consider another strategy.
401(k) Rollover Planning
Should You Roll Over Your 401(k)?
Leaving a job often creates a decision about what to do with the retirement account you accumulated there. A rollover may simplify your finances, expand your investment choices, or make ongoing investment management easier. In other situations, keeping the money in the former employer's plan may have advantages.
There is no requirement to roll over an old 401(k) simply because you changed jobs or retired. The right approach depends on the investment options, fees, tax considerations, withdrawal rules, creditor protections, employer stock, and how the account fits into your broader retirement plan.
A 401(k) rollover financial advisor can help you compare those factors before money moves. That matters because once an account has been rolled into an IRA, you may give up certain features of the employer plan that could have been useful later.
Your Options
What Can You Do With an Old 401(k)?
After leaving an employer, there are several ways to handle an old 401(k). Each option has different investment, tax, withdrawal, and planning considerations.
Leave the 401(k) Where It Is
You may be able to keep the money in your former employer's retirement plan. This can make sense when the plan has low costs, strong investment choices, institutional funds, or other features that are difficult to replicate in an IRA.
Move It to a New 401(k)
If your new employer's plan accepts incoming rollovers, you may be able to consolidate retirement savings there. The new plan's investment menu, fees, and withdrawal provisions should be reviewed before making the move.
Roll It Into an IRA
A rollover IRA can provide access to a broader range of investments and may make it easier to coordinate investment management and retirement income planning across multiple accounts.
Consider a Roth Conversion
Pre-tax 401(k) assets can potentially be converted to a Roth IRA, although the taxable amount generally becomes ordinary income. Roth conversions should be evaluated as part of a broader tax and retirement-income strategy.
Take a Distribution
You can sometimes take money out of the plan instead of rolling it over. This is generally a very different decision from a rollover because taxable distributions may create income taxes and, depending on age and circumstances, an additional 10% tax.
Use a Combination
Retirement assets do not always have to follow one path. Depending on the circumstances, it may make sense to keep some assets in an employer plan while moving other assets to an IRA or considering Roth conversions over time.
Before You Rollover
What Should You Review Before Rolling Over a 401(k)?
A rollover decision should start with the existing plan, not with the assumption that an IRA is automatically better.
Investment Options
Review the funds and other investment options available in the 401(k) compared with the investments available through an IRA or another employer plan.
Plan Fees
Compare investment expenses, administrative fees, and any other costs associated with the existing plan and potential destination account.
Institutional Investments
Some employer plans provide access to institutional investment options or pricing that may not be available in an individual retirement account.
Tax Considerations
The tax treatment of pre-tax balances, Roth 401(k) balances, conversions, distributions, and future withdrawals should be considered before assets are moved.
Withdrawal Rules
Employer plans and IRAs can have different withdrawal provisions. Your age and expected retirement date can make those differences particularly important.
Creditor Protection
Employer-sponsored retirement plans may have different creditor-protection rules than IRAs. The applicable rules can depend on federal and state law and individual circumstances.
Employer Stock
If your 401(k) contains appreciated employer stock, a rollover may affect a potential net unrealized appreciation strategy. This should be reviewed before moving the account.
Backdoor Roth Planning
Pre-tax IRA balances can affect the tax treatment of a future backdoor Roth IRA strategy. A rollover from a 401(k) into an IRA should therefore be evaluated alongside your broader tax strategy.
Retirement Income
The account is part of your retirement-income plan. How and when you expect to draw from it can affect the rollover decision.
401(k) Rollover Tax Rules
Is a 401(k) Rollover Taxable?
A properly completed rollover from a traditional 401(k) to another eligible retirement account generally does not create current income tax. The mechanics of the transaction matter.
Direct Rollover
With a direct rollover, the retirement plan sends the money directly to the receiving retirement account. This is generally the cleanest way to move retirement assets because the distribution is not paid to you personally.
- The money moves directly between retirement accounts.
- There is generally no mandatory 20% federal withholding on the amount sent directly to the receiving plan or IRA.
- The assets remain within the retirement-account system.
- The transaction avoids having to replace withheld funds from your own pocket.
60-Day Rollover
If an eligible retirement distribution is paid to you, you generally have 60 days to complete the rollover. However, eligible employer-plan distributions paid to you are generally subject to 20% mandatory federal withholding.
- You generally have 60 days to complete the rollover.
- 20% federal withholding generally applies to an eligible plan distribution paid to you.
- To roll over the entire eligible distribution, you generally need to replace the amount withheld using other funds.
- Any taxable amount that is not rolled over can become taxable income.
When Keeping the 401(k) May Matter
When a 401(k) Rollover May Not Be the Right Move
Rolling an old 401(k) into an IRA can be useful, but there are situations where keeping retirement assets in an employer plan may provide advantages.
Your Existing Plan Has Very Low Costs
Some large employer plans have access to low-cost institutional investment options. Moving the money to an IRA could result in higher investment expenses.
You May Need the Rule of 55
Certain employer-plan withdrawals may qualify for an exception to the 10% additional tax if you leave an employer during or after the year you reach age 55, subject to the applicable rules. Moving the money to an IRA can change how that provision applies.
You Have Appreciated Employer Stock
Employer stock held inside a retirement plan can create special tax-planning opportunities in certain circumstances. Net unrealized appreciation should be reviewed before a rollover.
The New Employer Plan Is Better
If you are still working and your new employer offers a strong retirement plan, moving an old 401(k) into that plan may provide useful consolidation without creating a rollover IRA balance.
You Use Backdoor Roth IRAs
Moving pre-tax 401(k) money into a traditional IRA can create an IRA balance that affects the tax calculation for a backdoor Roth strategy.
The Plan Has Valuable Features
Withdrawal provisions, investment options, institutional pricing, and other plan features can sometimes make the existing 401(k) worth keeping.
Rolling a 401(k) Into an IRA
When an IRA Rollover May Make Sense
An IRA can provide greater flexibility for investment management and retirement planning, particularly when you have accumulated retirement accounts across multiple employers.
Broader Investment Choices
An IRA can provide access to a much broader universe of investments than many employer retirement plans.
Consolidated Accounts
Combining multiple old retirement accounts can simplify investment management, account monitoring, beneficiary designations, and retirement-income planning.
Tax Management
IRA assets can be incorporated into a broader tax strategy, including coordination of taxable income, Roth conversions, and retirement withdrawals.
Investment Management
An IRA may make it easier to implement a consistent investment strategy across retirement and taxable accounts.
Retirement Income Planning
Retirement accounts are often one piece of a larger income plan involving Social Security, taxable investments, cash reserves, and other sources of retirement income.
Estate Planning Coordination
Consolidating retirement accounts can make beneficiary and estate-planning coordination easier, although the specific beneficiary and tax rules should still be reviewed.
Learn more about retirement income planning and how retirement assets can fit into a broader financial plan.
High-Income Professionals
401(k) Rollovers for High-Income Professionals
A 401(k) rollover can become more complicated when retirement accounts are only one part of a larger financial picture.
High-income professionals may have several retirement accounts from previous employers, current 401(k) contributions, taxable investments, equity compensation, bonuses, restricted stock, stock options, or other forms of compensation.
In that situation, the rollover decision should be considered alongside tax planning, investment management, Roth conversion opportunities, retirement income, and the timing of future distributions.
Multiple Former Employer Plans
Consolidating old 401(k)s can simplify the financial picture, but each plan should be reviewed before assets are moved.
Equity Compensation
Stock compensation and retirement accounts can interact with tax planning and investment concentration, particularly for professionals receiving RSUs, stock options, or other equity compensation.
Roth Conversion Planning
A rollover can affect future Roth conversion and backdoor Roth strategies, so the account structure should be considered alongside the broader tax plan.
Beyond the Rollover
Your 401(k) Is Part of Your Retirement Plan
A rollover is an account decision. Retirement planning is the larger picture.
The decision about where a 401(k) should be held should fit with how you expect to use the money later. That can include determining when to retire, estimating future spending, coordinating Social Security, managing taxes, deciding when to draw from different accounts, and determining how investments should be allocated.
For someone approaching retirement, the question may be how that account fits into a retirement-income strategy over the next several decades.
- Determine how much income your retirement portfolio may need to provide.
- Coordinate 401(k), IRA, Roth, and taxable investment accounts.
- Evaluate the timing of Social Security benefits.
- Consider tax-efficient withdrawal strategies.
- Evaluate Roth conversion opportunities.
- Coordinate investment allocation with your retirement timeline.
- Plan for required minimum distributions and future tax obligations.
Learn more about retirement income planning in Colorado.
Investment Management
What Happens After the Rollover?
Moving a 401(k) into an IRA is only one step. Once the account is established, the investment strategy should fit with the rest of your portfolio and your long-term financial plan.
Portfolio Construction
Retirement assets should be evaluated alongside taxable investments, Roth accounts, cash reserves, and other assets rather than treated as a standalone portfolio.
Tax-Aware Investing
Asset location, tax-loss harvesting, capital gains, and future withdrawals can all play a role in how investments are managed across different account types.
Long-Term Investment Strategy
The investment approach should reflect your financial plan, time horizon, risk capacity, and expected need for portfolio withdrawals.
Ongoing Planning
As retirement approaches, your income needs, tax situation, investment allocation, and withdrawal strategy can change. Ongoing planning allows those decisions to be evaluated together.
See our investment philosophy to learn more about how we approach portfolio management.
Denver & South Denver
401(k) Rollover Financial Advisor in Denver, Colorado
Inclinevest Wealth Management provides fee-only financial planning and investment management for people throughout Denver and the South Denver area.
The firm is based in Greenwood Village and works with households in Denver, South Denver, Centennial, Englewood, Highlands Ranch, Aurora, Parker, Lone Tree, Littleton, and surrounding Colorado communities.
Areas We Serve
401(k) rollover planning and broader financial planning for people throughout the Denver metropolitan area and Colorado.
Fee-Only Fiduciary Advice
401(k) Rollover Advice Without Commissions
Inclinevest Wealth Management is a fee-only fiduciary financial planning and investment management firm.
The firm does not receive commissions for selling investment products or insurance. The financial planning and investment management relationship is structured around advice rather than compensation from the products you own.
Fee-Only
Compensation comes from the services provided rather than commissions from investment or insurance products.
Fiduciary
Fiduciary responsibility means putting the client's interests first when providing fiduciary investment advice.
Planning + Investments
The rollover can be evaluated alongside retirement planning, taxes, investments, and long-term financial decisions.
Learn more about why fee-only, our fiduciary approach, and services and fees.
How We Approach a Rollover
Start With the Decision, Not the Account
A 401(k) rollover should begin with understanding what you own, what you are giving up, and what you are trying to accomplish.
1. Review the Existing Plan
We review the current 401(k), investment options, fees, account types, employer stock, and other relevant plan features.
2. Compare the Alternatives
We compare leaving the money in the existing plan, moving it to another employer plan, using an IRA, or considering other strategies.
3. Consider Taxes
We evaluate how the rollover interacts with your current tax situation, future tax brackets, Roth conversions, and other tax-planning considerations.
4. Evaluate Retirement Income
The account is considered within the context of your expected retirement spending, Social Security, other assets, and future withdrawals.
5. Implement the Decision
If a rollover makes sense, the account can be moved using the appropriate rollover process and destination account.
6. Manage the Portfolio
Once the rollover is complete, the assets can be incorporated into the broader investment and financial planning strategy.
401(k) Rollover Questions
401(k) Rollover Financial Advisor FAQ
What is a 401(k) rollover?
A 401(k) rollover moves eligible retirement assets from a 401(k) into another eligible retirement account, such as another employer retirement plan or an IRA. A properly completed rollover generally does not create current income tax when the assets remain in the appropriate tax-deferred account.
Should I roll my old 401(k) into an IRA?
It depends on the specific 401(k) and your financial situation. Investment choices, fees, withdrawal rules, creditor protections, employer stock, backdoor Roth planning, and your retirement-income strategy should all be considered before deciding.
What are my options for an old 401(k)?
Depending on the plan and your circumstances, you may be able to leave the money in the former employer's plan, move it into a new employer plan, roll it into an IRA, or take a distribution. A Roth conversion may also be considered for eligible pre-tax retirement assets.
Is a 401(k) rollover taxable?
A properly completed rollover from a traditional 401(k) to another eligible traditional retirement account generally is not taxable at the time of the rollover. A conversion of pre-tax 401(k) assets to a Roth IRA is different and generally creates taxable income on the converted amount.
What is a direct 401(k) rollover?
A direct rollover occurs when the retirement plan sends the eligible retirement assets directly to another retirement plan or IRA rather than paying the distribution to you personally. This generally avoids mandatory 20% federal withholding on an eligible distribution.
What happens if my 401(k) check is sent to me?
If an eligible plan distribution is paid to you, the plan generally must withhold 20% for federal income taxes. You generally have 60 days to complete the rollover. To roll over the full eligible distribution, you generally need to make up the withheld amount with other funds.
Can I roll my 401(k) into another 401(k)?
Generally, yes, if the receiving employer's plan accepts incoming rollovers and the distribution is eligible. The receiving plan's investment options, fees, and other provisions should be reviewed before moving the assets.
Can I roll a Roth 401(k) into a Roth IRA?
Generally, an eligible Roth 401(k) balance can be rolled into a Roth IRA. The tax treatment depends on the account history and whether the distribution is qualified, so the rollover should be handled carefully.
Should I roll my 401(k) into a Roth IRA?
A pre-tax 401(k) rolled into a Roth IRA is generally treated as a Roth conversion, meaning the taxable portion generally becomes income in the year of the conversion. Whether that makes sense depends on your current and expected future tax situation.
What is the Rule of 55?
The Rule of 55 can allow certain withdrawals from an employer retirement plan without the 10% additional tax after leaving an employer during or after the year you reach age 55, subject to applicable requirements. Moving those assets into an IRA can change how this exception applies.
Should I roll over my 401(k) if I have company stock?
Not necessarily. Appreciated employer stock inside a retirement plan may qualify for special tax treatment under the net unrealized appreciation rules. The potential tax consequences should be reviewed before the stock is rolled into an IRA.
Does a 401(k) rollover affect a backdoor Roth IRA?
It can. Rolling pre-tax 401(k) assets into a traditional IRA can create an IRA balance that affects the tax calculation for a backdoor Roth IRA. This is one reason the rollover decision should be coordinated with broader tax planning.
Can I roll over a 401(k) while I am still working?
Sometimes. Whether you can move money from a current employer's 401(k) while still employed depends on the plan's provisions and the type of distribution. An old 401(k) from a previous employer is generally subject to different rules.
Can a financial advisor help with a 401(k) rollover?
Yes. A financial advisor can help evaluate the existing plan against the available alternatives, identify tax and retirement-planning considerations, and coordinate the investment strategy after the rollover. The advisor should not assume that an IRA rollover is automatically the right choice.
How much does a 401(k) rollover financial advisor cost?
The cost depends on the advisor's compensation structure and the scope of advice. Inclinevest Wealth Management is a fee-only firm and provides pricing information on its services and fees page.
Do you provide 401(k) rollover planning in Denver and South Denver?
Yes. Inclinevest Wealth Management is based in Greenwood Village and serves people throughout Denver, South Denver, Centennial, Englewood, Highlands Ranch, Aurora, Parker, Lone Tree, Littleton, and surrounding Colorado communities.
401(k) Rollover Resources
Additional Retirement Resources
Retirement Income Planning
Explore strategies for turning retirement assets into sustainable income while considering taxes and other sources of income.
Retirement income planning →Investment Philosophy
Learn more about the investment approach used in managing portfolios.
Investment philosophy →Why Fee-Only?
Learn more about the fee-only structure and how it differs from commission-based compensation.
Why fee-only →Services & Fees
Review the firm's financial planning and investment management services and fee structure.
Services & fees →Talk Through Your 401(k) Rollover
If you have an old 401(k), recently changed employers, or are approaching retirement, we can review the account and walk through the available options before you make a decision.
General Information: This page is provided for general informational purposes and is not individualized tax or legal advice. Tax treatment and retirement-plan rules depend on individual circumstances and the specific provisions of the retirement plan. Consult your tax or legal professional regarding your particular situation.